CPR (Cardio pulmonary Resuscitation ) Details For Exam | MCQ Question

🩺 NORCET Fundamentals

CPR – Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Complete study notes with MCQs based on AHA 2020 Guidelines. Perfect for NORCET, AIIMS, DSSSB & State Nursing Exams.

📋 AHA 2020 Guidelines

❓ 7 MCQs Included

🧠 Mnemonics

💡 What is CPR?

CPR is an emergency life-saving procedure performed when the heart stops beating or a person stops breathing. It combines chest compressions + rescue breathing to maintain circulation and oxygenation until advanced help arrives.

🔴 Indications for CPR

Condition

Cardiac Arrest

Condition

Respiratory Arrest

Condition

Drowning

Condition

Electric Shock

Condition

Drug Overdose

Condition

Anaphylaxis

⚡ Chain of Survival (AHA Guidelines)

1Early Recognition & Call for Help (108/911)

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2Early CPR

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3Early Defibrillation (AED)

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4Advanced Life Support

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5Post-Cardiac Arrest Care

🧍 Before Starting CPR – Check

Step	Action
Safety	Ensure scene is safe
Response	Tap shoulders & shout "Are you okay?"
Call	Activate emergency response (dial 108/911)
Circulation	Check carotid pulse (max 10 seconds)
Breathing	Look for chest rise (max 10 seconds)

💪 CPR Technique – Adult (AHA 2020)

🧠

C – A – B Approach (Changed in AHA 2010)

Compressions → Airway → Breathing  |  Previously it was ABC (Airway → Breathing → Compressions)

1️⃣ Chest Compressions

Parameter	Value
Hand Position	Lower half of sternum (center of chest)
Technique	2 hands interlocked, heel of dominant hand
Depth	At least 2 inches (5 cm), not more than 2.4 inches
Rate	100–120 compressions/minute
Recoil	Full chest recoil after each compression
Interruptions	Minimize — less than 10 seconds

🎵

Rate Mnemonic

Do compressions to the beat of "Stayin' Alive" by Bee Gees = 100 BPM! Perfect compression rate reminder.

2️⃣ Airway

Situation	Maneuver
Normal patient (non-trauma)	Head-Tilt Chin-Lift
Suspected spinal/cervical injury	Jaw Thrust Maneuver

3️⃣ Breathing (Rescue Breaths)

Parameter	Value
Ratio	30 compressions : 2 breaths
Each breath duration	1 second
Look for	Chest rise with each breath
Avoid	Excessive ventilation

⚠️

If untrained — do Hands-Only CPR (compressions only, no rescue breaths). This is still effective and recommended for bystanders.

👶 CPR – Age-wise Differences

Parameter	Adult (>8 yrs)	Child (1–8 yrs)	Infant (<1 yr)
Compression Depth	2–2.4 inches	2 inches (1/3 chest)	1.5 inches (1/3 chest)
Hand Position	2 hands	1 or 2 hands	2 fingers / 2 thumb encircling
Ratio (1 Rescuer)	30:2	30:2	30:2
Ratio (2 Rescuers)	30:2	15:2	15:2
Pulse Check Site	Carotid	Carotid	Brachial
Rate	100–120/min	100–120/min	100–120/min

⚡ AED – Automated External Defibrillator

Shockable Rhythms: Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) & Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia (pVT)
Non-shockable: Asystole & PEA (Pulseless Electrical Activity)

Step	AED Action
Step 1	Power ON the AED
Step 2	Attach pads — Right clavicle + Left side under armpit
Step 3	Analyze rhythm — Say "Clear!" — Everyone steps back
Step 4	Deliver shock
Step 5	Immediately resume CPR for 2 minutes, then re-analyze

⚠️

For infants <1 year — use manual defibrillator if available. Use pediatric pads if AED is the only option.

🛑 When to STOP CPR?

• Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)
• Patient pronounced dead by a physician
• Rescuer is exhausted and no one to take over
• Valid Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order present
• Scene becomes unsafe

🧠 Quick Mnemonics

Mnemonic	Meaning
CAB	Compressions → Airway → Breathing
30:2	Adult & single rescuer child/infant ratio
15:2	Two rescuers for child & infant
"Stayin' Alive"	100 BPM = correct compression rate
VF + pVT = Shock	Only shockable rhythms for AED

📝 High-Yield MCQs for NORCET – CPR

Q1. The recommended rate of chest compressions in adult CPR as per AHA 2020 is?

• A) 60–80/min
• B) 80–100/min
• C) 100–120/min
• D) 120–140/min

💡 Tip: Rate less than 100 is ineffective; more than 120 reduces cardiac output.

Q2. In CPR for an adult, the compression to ventilation ratio is?

• A) 15:2
• B) 30:2
• C) 5:1
• D) 20:2

💡 Tip: 15:2 is used for children & infants with 2 rescuers only.

Q3. Pulse check in an infant during CPR is done at which site?

• A) Carotid
• B) Femoral
• C) Radial
• D) Brachial

💡 Tip: Carotid = Adults & Children | Brachial = Infants. A very commonly asked question!

Q4. Which of the following is a shockable rhythm?

• A) Asystole
• B) PEA (Pulseless Electrical Activity)
• C) Ventricular Fibrillation
• D) Sinus Bradycardia

💡 Tip: VF & pVT = Shockable | Asystole & PEA = Non-shockable. Remember this always!

Q5. CAB in CPR stands for?

• A) Circulation, Airway, Breathing
• B) Compressions, Airway, Breathing
• C) Compression, Assessment, Breathing
• D) Circulation, Assessment, Bleeding

💡 Tip: Changed from ABC to CAB in AHA 2010 guidelines. This is a high-yield MCQ!

Q6. Depth of chest compression in adults should be?

• A) 1–1.5 inches
• B) 1.5–2 inches
• C) At least 2 inches (5 cm)
• D) 3–4 inches

💡 Tip: Minimum 2 inches, maximum 2.4 inches for adults. For infants it's only 1.5 inches.

Q7. Head-tilt chin-lift is contraindicated in?

• A) Drowning victims
• B) Cardiac arrest
• C) Suspected cervical spine injury
• D) Unconscious adults

💡 Tip: Use Jaw Thrust instead for suspected spinal injury. Head-tilt can worsen spinal damage.

⚡ Quick Reference Summary

Compression Rate

100–120 / min

Adult Depth

≥ 2 inches

Adult Ratio

30 : 2

Child/Infant (2 rescuer)

15 : 2

Infant Pulse Site

Brachial

Shockable Rhythms

VF & pVT

Approach

C → A → B

Spinal Injury Maneuver

Jaw Thrust